Saturday, August 31, 2019
Literature Justification for Blended/Reverse Instruction
The concept of a reversed classroom is a logical next step from discovering the benefits of more time on task, direct instruction, reduced lecture time, and modifying homework tasks. If teachers are to find time to increase time on task and direct instruction; and greater comprehension is shown from shorter lectures over longer ones; and if homework is more beneficial when it is reduced into manageable portions; then the best division of labor is to assign the short lecture as homework to give teachers that time in class actively engaged in the application of the lesson(s. Rigorous literature on the reversed classroom is still in its infancy, but literature on its various beneficial parts is offered here along with it. Key terms: Blended instruction – teaching pedagogy that uses both virtual and face-to- face instruction. Reverse instruction – a classroom method that appoints the time for lecture material to an at home assignment, while completing practice material duri ng classroom time. Time on task – the amount of time actively engaged in assigned learning. Homework – coursework that is assigned to be completed outside classroom attendance, usually at home. Direct instruction – a teacher centered model of instruction that includes high levels of teacher support/scaffolding, ongoing evaluative monitoring with feedback, and strong student-teacher engagement of the material. (Stein 1998) Podcast/vodcast – audio or video/audio files that can be downloaded from the internet for personal use. Literature Justification for Blended/Reverse Instruction Introduction Jonathan Bergmann and Aaron Sams began a movement. They didn’t intend to; they simply responded to the needs of their own classrooms and collaborated on an idea that was initially intended for their absent students. Then it grew into a method that freed them up to be more actively involved with students during their class periods. It involved video recording their lectures for at home use, and practicing the material and assignments with direct instruction and guidance during class time, thus â€Å"flipping†, or reversing, their use of instruction time (Bergmann 2009. The results were so positive that many others are replicating the method across the nation and tech companies are filling the need with products, (see appendix), that go far beyond PowerPoint ® for formatting the lectures they deliver to their students. This concept has been called by a few names: reverse classroom, reverse instruction, flipped classroom, and/or blended instruction, however, the opportunity created by the â€Å"flip†to increase t eacher-student interaction during class time is what characterizes its success (Bergmann 2009). As the use of this concept increases parents, teachers, and administrators are asking for research testing its efficacy. Those who are trying flipped classrooms state that increased learning does not occur just by reversing homework and lecture time alone, but by seizing the opportunity to guide and interact with students more. The technology of vodcasting by itself is not a silver bullet for our educational woes; educators must teach with sound methodology and quality regardless of what medium, or time, they choose to lecture in (Roblyer 2009. ) With that in mind I propose the following research questions about a reverse classroom study: 1. Will more direct instruction increase measurable comprehension of subject matter as reflected in test scores? Studies so far have had promising results, (Stein, Carnine, & Dixon 1998), and include mastery of material through formative evaluation before moving on in coursework, (Overmyer 2010), extra use of worked examples, (Carroll 1992), and more use of discussion, (Matthews 2008. ) 2. Will students have greater compliance in homework because is consists of lectures instead of practice? Benefits from homework are directly proportional to how much compliance demonstrated in completing it, (Keith 1982. Homework compliance at Clintondale High in Macomb County, MI increased because a short lecture is easier; applied practice has been less frustrating with support later in class, (Buffenbarger 2011). This model of education changes the character of homework from usually studying alone trying to remember and apply lecture material, to doing the work alongside other students with guidance. At home the student can be prepared to learn through the lecture without the pressure of application until un derstanding of the material is confirmed and supported. This echoes Ecclesiastes 4:9 â€Å"Two are better than one, because they have a good return for their work; if one falls down his friend can pick him up. But pity the man who has no one to help him up! †(New International Version) 3. Will more time on task, due to less lecture time, reduce behavior management issues in reversed classrooms? Clintondale High, again, has shown dramatic reduction in referrals to the office for discipline, (Higgins 2011), in the first year of reversed classrooms and school-wide emphasis on this use of time; â€Å"Students are less frustrated and disruptive in class because there is someone on hand to help one-on-one. (Buffenbarger 2011) Discussion of key terms Blended instruction is really a broad category under which the focus of my proposed study falls. It is not just any use of technology by the school for record keeping or parent communication, although those things support education. This â€Å"blend†is referring to how content is be ing delivered to the student for instruction. When a teacher has students read and respond to material online, they have blended their face to face instruction with computer instruction. When they have delivered an asynchronous lecture or lesson outside of class time, or assigned pre-recorded information by someone else for them to find and view or listen to it is also blended instruction. In extensive meta-analysis it has been found that a combination of both virtual and face to face instruction is likely to be more effective than either one alone, (US Dept. 2008. ) Reverse instruction is a category of blended instruction named according to when virtual content delivery occurs as opposed to when application and practice of the material happens. Rather than using classroom time for content delivery, the instructor uses that time for guiding application and practice, while assigning the lecture/lesson as homework, (Bergmann, 2009). Time on task, not to be confused with mere seatwork, (Siefert 1984), is a term used in this study to refer to active engagement with the content. This can be during collaborative work with fellow students, involvement in discussion, (Matthews 2008), with the instructor as a class, or individually. It can include time used for assessment, lab work, practice, or use of interactive software or textbooks, (Higgins 1992); but it is always referring to the students’ efficacious work with the class content. Homework is any assigned coursework meant to be completed outside of the classroom, usually at home. It is often a topic of study in education because of its impact on grades and tests. (Keith 1982) In recognition of the value of family life, time for friends and the pursuit of personal interests, studies are often focused on how much is needful vs. reating a balance of these things. To keep it minimal and balanced with personal life, other studies attempt to measure which types of homework are the most effective for the amount of time invested in them. (Murphy 1989) Direct instruction is a teacher centered model of instruction â€Å"that integrates effective teaching practices with sophisticated curriculum design, classroom organization and management. †(Stein 1998 ) This includes high levels of teacher support/scaffolding, ongoing evaluative monitoring with feedback, and strong student-teacher engagement of the material. It is the intention of this study to increase this type of instruction as replacement of the reversed lecture time, and in support of more time on task, (above. ) Podcast and vodcast are audio, and video with audio, files that can be downloaded from the internet. They are the most common form of lesson, or lecture time, assigned as homework in the reverse classroom model. (Schaffhauser 2009) These are available in many subjects through YouTube ®, supportive websites like Khan Academy, (see appendix), or can be custom made by each instructor for his or her class. Overmyer 2010) They are made readily available for students via CD, DVD, flash drives, or internet. (Bergmann 2008) Other forms of reverse classroom homework are interactive sites or software made available through the students’ school. Reduced lecture time and increased time on task The educational standard of a lecture-based classroom has received much criticism as our use of technology increases. Prior to the late 1800’s the lecture consisted of reading verbatim text with students taking notes to reproduce the same. As it evolved into personal interpretation of text and uthorship of original ideas, student requirements of recitation in classical education shifted to explaining a synthesis of ideas presented in lectures and textbooks (Freisen 2011). Modern students now grapple with an explosion of sources of information, and so the lecture from their teacher fades into the perspective of one person when there are so many ways to gain the required information of each class. In the information age, lecturing has been proven more effective in brevity (McFeeley & Milner 2009) Matthews & Farmer 2008). So, what then should the lecture become? Norm Friesen described it eloquently as a much needed bridge to merge information and â€Å"oral communication with writing and newer media technologies. †(2011. ) McFeeley & Milner call for it to become kernels of information, â€Å"5 minutes or less,†with time in between to allow students to understand and apply the necessary tools of their subjects (2009. ) The times of understanding and application are what I have already described as time on task, which has been attributed with higher levels of learning and test scores, (Matthews & Farmer 2008) (Stein et. al. 1998. ) Homework studies. The short lecture is an ideal assignment for homework. Easily accessed and portable, its length makes it an attainable goal to accomplish as homework. Practice and written assignments, however, vary in time commitment according to each student’s understanding of the material and their ability to complete it. Short lectures are certainly able to increase learning while still respecting the personal time of students and their families, both stated goals in assigning homework. Whether it is given in class or at home, decreasing time for lecture frees up more time for direct instruction from the teacher. Blended learning and the reverse classroom Whether or not to use technology no is longer the question. Technology is such a pervasive part of modern life that it has integrated itself into education. So, in that sense, all classrooms are more or less utilizing blended learning; it is only named â€Å"blended†when it has become intentional as a method for delivering or manipulating the constructs of the lessons. For instructors to fail to include and capitalize on this vast store of information and resources could result in failure to reach this generation of learners. The purpose of the type of reverse classroom that I am proposing is to gain more time for teachers to assist and coordinate learning from a variety of sources; to be more actively involved in each student’s comprehension and feedback. Just replacing ourselves as lecturers by podcast(s) gravely misses the point. Conclusion/Summary The reversed classroom is already happening in schools at increasing rates in both K – 12 and higher education classes. It is proving itself as a viable option for increasing direct instruction time and learning. Only when the at home lectures are too long, or when they are an attempted replacement for teaching without the beneficial increased engagement during class, is student dissatisfaction expressed, or test scores and learning level off or drop. Research would be well invested if it began to decipher which technologies are the most effective for students, and user friendly for instructors in material delivery. While surveys show that many teachers hesitate to utilize technology in their classes, starting out with it outside the classroom is a gentle step towards its use without fearing fumbling around with it in front of a student audience. In fact, teachers of distance education classes have stated that tech-based teaching has improved their overall ability and methods as instructors: â€Å"Findings from a study of teacher perceptions indicate that three quarters of teachers who teach in both virtual and traditional environments felt that virtual experiences improved their practice in face-to-face classrooms. †(Roblyer, et. al. 2009) New studies could help refine which kinds of teacher training will be the most valuable, determine best infrastructure and IT support for schools, and improve parent-teacher communication about tech-based homework. Education has always grown and shifted as culture and technology change. While lectures used to be about preserving the knowledge gains of mankind as â€Å"the task of educational institutions to preserve this vulnerable heritage from one generation to the next,†(Friesen 2011), it grew into a synthesis of information and instruction, and in twenty first century learning it is changing towards teaching skills for students to navigate and utilize the enormous body of information available in our age. The effective use of a reverse classroom model is a natural fit.
Friday, August 30, 2019
I’m Bored- What your Child Is Really Telling You Essay
In the short essay, I’m Bored: What Your Child is Really Telling You, by Linda Morgan, children everywhere are having issues with saying what they really mean when they say they are bored. Whether at home or in school, when a child says those two words, â€Å"I’m bored†, he may be in need of parental attention, redirection of school work, and direction in completing projects and activities. In today’s world, technology takes over a child’s extra time. Instead of going outside to play with friends or having a specific hobby, adolescents find themselves caught in an Xbox or computer game. Yet after they have beaten the game or moved on to something else they still complain that they are â€Å"bored†. But what does that really mean? According to Dr. Danielle Kassow, when a child states that they are uninterested in whatever they are doing or working on, it could mean that they simply want their parents, teachers, and daycare provider’s attention. It’s common for a child to want the attentiveness of an adult. Being a kid in society today, direction is still needed by the parent; whether in school or not. Adolescents need that extra push in order to make up their own mind about what they want to do next or what they are interested in. In order to help a child make up their mind, it could help to ask them questions like â€Å"what’s your favorite hobby†or give the child educational projects to do. These questions and projects will stimulate their minds and allow them to actually pay attention to something. Unlike a project that is hands on, games on any kind of technological device will allow them the chance to put their attention on something. If a child comes home from school and starts their homework, says he is bored in the middle of the assignment, it could mean that he needs a redirection of school work. His assignments may not be as challenging as they need to be for him. He is not becoming engaged in his school work, therefore he gets bored while doing or listening to his lessons. Also, it could mean that he needs a clearer pathway as to what he should start on or how he should start the homework. Children need a coach, whether it’s the parent or the teacher. Help him become motivated and less confused as to how or where he should start. Make his understanding grow a little clearer when pushing him in the direction to where he needs to start. This â€Å"coach†persona will help to child pick up an understanding about how to layout or outline his projects or assignments. It will not only give him a head start it will help him with all the assignments he may have some trouble with in the future. At times, a child saying they are bored could mean that they are independent and wants to organize their own activities. When adolescents get caught up in the technological world, they lose sight of how to rely on themselves to create their next activity. This causes them to want the guidance from the parent or teacher. While there are still children that find themselves independent, they may get bored because they don’t know how to entertain themselves. Kids need to find activities that they are able to do on their own. Things like drawing, simple building, or going outside to socialize or play with friends. Children need the time to be allowed to decide what they want to do, something that they are able to do. Giving them this time will help them reconnect with physical activities and not so much mental activities. When kids are doing their homework, and they seem to rely on their parents or teachers too much, you could give them a little time to themselves. In order to get them to think on their own without their parent saying â€Å"you aren’t doing this right†or â€Å"this is wrong do it again, let them work the assignment without any interruptions and eventually they will understand why they didn’t get the right answer at first and how they got the correct answer in the end. After they are done the parent or teacher could check their work and then tell them what they got wrong or right. This is important for the child so they can be able to learn on their own without needing the help from the teacher or parent all the time. These little techniques will come to the guardian as an advantage. Not only is the child engaging in the activity, but he or she is enjoying the process. It’s important to know what a child means when they say they are bored so they can be helped. Whether it’s tough to figure out or there is a very easy solution, in the end there will be a drastic change in the child attention skills. Boredom is a concurring epidemic in today’s society because of all the technology we rely on. Kids do not need to be exposed to all these advantages we have at a young age. Being able to rely on themselves is important in the early stages of life. Although sometimes kids say those words some parents hate to hear â€Å"I’m Bored†, it could have a complex meaning to it. Children may need attention from the parent or teacher, redirection of their school work, and some direction in completing projects and assignments. There are many ways to help children fall away from spending too much times playing computer games, or PlayStation games and allowing them to have the responsibility of choosing their own activities. Helping them move in the right direction in school work, whether they are not getting the challenge they need or simply needing that extra help starting an assignment will ultimately have a positive effect on their progress. Independent children will need the time to figure out the correct answer on their own. The guardian will also get a positive result from giving them that time to correct their issues. Children are all different, when they say they are bored, it could be something drastic or something ve ry simple. It’s up to the parent or teacher to decide what the next move is for the child.
Thursday, August 29, 2019
My Friend- Donna
It’s really fantastic to have friends because you can never get more amused than by communicating with them, and learning every little feature of their characters. Sometimes, they may seem annoying and tiresome, but overall you can stop being amazed at how nice those little annoying features make a person, and you don’t want to change them. My friend Donna is a great example of such a character. Her little flaws just make her even more perfect. Donna is simply too smart. Once you start talking to her, you realize that no matter how much you learn, she will always beat you. Can there be anything more annoying than realizing how inferior you are in comparison with her? Another annoying feature you notice at once is that Donna simply can’t stop making witty comments about anything she doesn’t approve of, and she keeps adding and adding more comments. One should be ready for lots of teasing if he wears some weird-looking hat, or didn’t have time to comb his hair. Donna simply can’t stop. She isn’t balanced at all. She has to point at everything what she finds funny and strange. Besides, Donna likes to give advice whenever she needs and doesn’t need to do that. She thinks she analyzes everything so much better than anyone else does, so she wants to give advice to the whole world on any subject: when the best time to attend the hair-dresser is, how to budget money to get enough savings for a new super short dress, what kind of house to build, how to administer a beauty salon, what color of makeup to buy in this season. Donna drives people really crazy with her advice on any point. But perhaps her most annoying feature is that she is too crazy about herself. She wants to attract the attention to herself every second. Every single spare minute she looks in the mirror, and seems to admire the reflection too much. From time to time people have to wonder whether she is going to act in movies very soon- it is very possible she will finally achieve that. Donna just attracts attention to herself in all the situations, even when it’s not appropriate at all. Have you heard stories about how parties go when Donna arrives? Let me tell you one. Imagine everybody assembled at the birthday party, talking, eating, drinking, congratulating the birthday-boy, and not worrying about anything. Then the door opens, and Donna not walks but flies in. That’s her usual manner of walking- flying as if she has a couple of eagles carrying her on their wings. The world gets turned upside down at the party right away after Donna’s arrival. Everybody gets shut up, even the guy having a birthday party. Nobody even notices him anymore because the â€Å"real†star has arrived, and everybody is almost feeling her radiant beams. The party becomes completely centralized in Donna’s hands. Donna talks about everything what comes into her mind, and it’s always too interesting. It drives everyone crazy because Donna gets all the attention but nothing can be done about that. Here she is already checking the food supply and arranging on the telephone the order of some more food and drinks for the party because she sees that something is missing. She is running around the house bringing new dishes in. She invents a hundred different contests to entertain the guests at the party. She is telling anecdotes and making everyone fall off their chairs of too much laughing. One will never forget a birthday party with the participation of Donna. You might think she is crazy for having as much energy as a jet aircraft, but that is just the way she is. You will definitely find it annoying how she wants the world to turn around her- but she is really worth that! Have you ever seen Donna shopping in the store for her next party? That’s a show to see. It looks as if she is getting ready for her first ball like girls were getting ready in England many centuries ago. At that time every girl thought that during the first ball she will meet her future husband. She had to prepare very carefully. Donna is the same way, but about every party. Everything needs to be too perfect from her point of view. She will not buy a dress unless it fits her like a princess. Donna can waste hours and go from one store to another driving sales girls crazy with her requests, but she will eventually find something what will make her a goddess. The sales girls will be sweating from carrying more and more clothes to Donna to try. But she doesn’t care how many items she has to try on. She stands near the mirror and gazes at herself for as much time as she wants. Donna knows will get her dream-dress this way or another. One always gets amazed where she finds all that stuff, but she somehow does. It’s really annoying that Donna wants everything in her life to be so perfect. However, it makes her really cute. She is just different from others. Donna is certainly an outstanding character. Even though some of her features are really annoying, they seem that way to many people only because they envy her. They envy Donna’s industriousness, her thirst for knowledge and perfection, and her insatiable energy. Some people even suspect she is out of this world because she is never sad, always in a great mood, and willing to change everything what she considers not perfect enough. Everybody who knows Donna well is already used to those features of her character, and simply neglects those which seem annoying in many ways. There are no perfect people in the world. That is why it’s just necessary to take people the way they are. Donna definitely rings sunshine into the world. Everybody who knows her well can’t get enough of her. Whenever she is around, there is no stop for jokes and laugh. Nobody can be sad. If you ever want to get a smile on your face, just go see my friend Donna.
Wednesday, August 28, 2019
A Visit to a Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
A Visit to a Museum - Essay Example My visit to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art was a very memorable one for me. Upon entering the museum, I felt like I have entered the world of ancient times. The museum was well decorated and managed and all collections were placed for the visitors with a proper sequence. It was a nice classic concert in the museum the day we went there, so the experience was even more electrifying. We came across many pieces of artworks from modern and ancient times. We also saw many modern and contemporary artworks. I liked the Egyptian part (the reliefs and sculpture), the portrait of Mrs. John Pigott, and the picture of Pablo Picasso. I also liked the Urban Lights by Chris Burden. What we liked the most in the museum was the way the artworks had been organized. We did not have any difficulty in finding collections from ancient or modern times as everything was organized with a proper sequence. Before visiting the museum, I always used to think about museums as a boring place where bundles of old works are placed. However, now my perceptions have changed. Now I feel that museums are not boring at all and they make a person go back to the world of ancient times where one can experience a pleasant feeling while exploring old artworks and testaments. Summing it up, my visit to the museum was one of the best visiting experiences of my life. I can never forget my trip to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art because it created a new image of America in my mind, which was the image of a culturally diverse
Tuesday, August 27, 2019
Multiculturalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Multiculturalism - Essay Example Writing on the ways in which multiculturalism impacts the workforce of global organizations, Weeks (2001) noted that it is virtually impossible to go global when the workforce cannot be one that can also be described to be global. Meanwhile, Christensen (2011) emphasized that practicing multiculturalism opens organizations up to have a workforce that is made up of people from as many cultural backgrounds that represents globalizing of the workforce. Leaders of organizations that practice multiculturalism have also been identified to have the peculiar advantage of applying global leadership (Weeks, 2001). This is because it is only through global leadership that the unique and dynamic interest of all people from diverse cultures can be catered for. What may be more graceful is that while organizations practice global leadership, it is not only their workforce that they lead from a global perspective but they are also offered the advantage of serving their clients and customers from a global perspective (Edmondson and Smith, 2006). In conclusion, multiculturalism impacts organizations positively and ought to be adhered to at all time within organizations that want to go
Monday, August 26, 2019
The Importance of Customer Service to Service Companies Coursework
The Importance of Customer Service to Service Companies - Coursework Example The course work "The Importance of Customer Service to Service Companies" talks about the customer service and the importance of services management to service companies. Service companies directly deal with customers and they have customer service departments which have to continuously improve service to meet customers’ needs and gain their loyalty. Service can be defined in terms of customer satisfaction. If the goods delivered by the company meet customer specifications and the customer are satisfied, the customer is retained and may have that loyalty the service company needs. A common inspirational belief among sales people is the more loyal the customer, the more profits for the company. Firms must compete for quality. In this time of intense globalization where products and services are available at the touch of a button, quality service is most important. After World War II, when Japan was still struggling to compete with the products dominated by the United States and Europe, the term quality was not so popular. But Japanese firms introduced service quality which attacked American and European products and services. Quality-oriented service met customer needs and improved quality of life. Japanese firms became popular and profitable. Other firms had to introduce quality in their services and products. Quality management became a phenomenon which captured the attention of firms and researchers. Employees involved in service are crucial to the success of a service firm.
Disscussion Question 1 Week 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Disscussion Question 1 Week 3 - Assignment Example From the funding, small businesses are able to increase their performance and operations width. In the current economy, it would be risky to expand operations in a business without proper funding (Bruchey, 2003). The funding gives small businesses the confidence they need to venture into high rewarding business ventures. Apart from the financial offering help, the SBA has much greater significant. The body offers business resources which are at the disposal of the small businesses. Additionally, the body plays the advocate for businesses in the government. The body also develops programs which are of great help to small businesses and offer direct loans (Bruchey, 2003). As a small business owner I would request for the help of the SBA. Firstly, I have to generate a business plan with future prospects of profit making. It would be advisable to ask for a suitable financial program and plan before asking for financial assistance. With an advised operating and financial program I would then request for a loan to foresee the drafted financial program by the
Sunday, August 25, 2019
Intercultural communications Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Intercultural communications - Term Paper Example As it is almost impossible to describe or explain any culture in a few words, but picking the most important facts, Thai culture could be said to be dynamic. One cannot describe Thai culture well without, first of all, mentioning the royal family. Everything in this South East Asian country rallies around the Thai King, who is both the official and constitutional head of Thai Kingdom (Baker & Phongpaichit 35). There are countless festivals, seasonal celebrations and rituals to mark the King’s birthday, the royal history and the history of Thailand. A short insight into the history of Thailand revealed that past Thai Kings had fought many battles to keep Thai people alive. Till today, Thailand is one of the countries in the world that has never been colonized by any foreign powers. So, Thai culture is almost unaffected by any strange culture unlike in case of many former colonist countries, where the colonialist cultures, be it British, French or Portuguese have changed the way people in such countries behave. Thai culture remains traditionally Thai, though modernity is changing the people’s lifestyles, but it doesn’t forcefully erase Thai traditional ways of life. Starting with fashion, the traditional Thai fashion is made from the shining Thai silk that has several colors. Shirts could be made for men using the silk, and Thai women often adore themselves with tight skirts, wrappers and blouse sewed from the Thai silk. A typical festival in Thailand would reveal how colorful this Thai silk is, and how fitting they look on Thai people. In the area of food and dishes, there are traditional but delicious Thai cuisines: prominent among them are the Tom Yum Kung and rice and noodles. Like most Asian dishes, Thai foods are salty, peppery, spicy, sweet or n\bitter. Rice appears to be the staple food for Thai people, but they eat it with varieties of soups and other side
Saturday, August 24, 2019
Should we make lobbying in government illegal Research Paper
Should we make lobbying in government illegal - Research Paper Example This is not the case. The most powerful lobby in the United States is the American Association of Retired Persons, which serves the interests of the aging population (McCarter). Removing lobbying would leave segments of the population without a unified voice for expressing their concerns. Other lobbyists look after education, Jewish people, and minority groups. Lobbying is not solely the practice of corporations; they also perform very necessary and important services. The constitutional basis of lobbying is the First Amendment, which guarantees the right to free speech. Lobbying is a form of free speech, albeit very structured, very closely tied to government, and quite expensive. Every individual person has the right to express his grievance with his government; this is fundamental to the American democracy. However, some recognize that this is a laborious and tricky process, which is why they contract that responsibility to experts, just as one would contract computer repair to a technician. Lobbying is free speech made on behalf of someone; to attack lobbying is the exact same threat as attacking free speech. Lastly, lobbyists (whether from for-profit or non-profit organizations) contribute to the offices of Federal representatives from both major partiesâ€â€Democrats and Republicans (Ronayne). They are not unfairly boosting one party at the expense of another. Therefore, there is no way one lobbyist can change Federal policy single-handedly, since there is always competing interests in Congress. Given all of these reasons, there is no need (or basis) to ban lobbying. McCarter, Joan. "GOP takes on the most powerful citizens lobby, AARP." 28 March 2011. Daily Kos. 29 September 2011 . Ronayne, Kathleen. "Dueling Donations: Lobbyists Lining Pockets of Both Democratic and Republican Party Committees." 22 June 2011. Open Secrets. 28 September 2011
Friday, August 23, 2019
The Juvenile Justice System Should Focus on Rehabilitation Research Paper
The Juvenile Justice System Should Focus on Rehabilitation - Research Paper Example The aim is fundamentally to control violent juvenile and put them in reformatory institution as effective rehabilitative measures before they will be reintegrated back into the society as responsible citizens or human resource of a state (Office of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2012). Under the law, juveniles are those young residents of the America aging between 15-17 years old that have committed a criminal act against the state, person or to property (OJJDP, 2012). Some states made some statutory exceptions on age as requisite in the acquisition of jurisdiction on these cases. Others have put concurrent jurisdiction to juvenile and criminal courts while leaving to prosecutors the discretion to decide which of these judicial body should handle the preliminary investigation of each case (OJJDP, 2012). Juvenile justice system is a policy inspired by the doctrine of parens patriae which accord authority to the state to assume the parental role of enforcing legislati ons that promote, protect, and provide child-friendly custodial terms under its jurisdiction (True Crime & Justice, 2012). It is deemed as the best resolve to dilemma posed by children who have committed heinous crimes with corresponding life sentence as penalty without possibility of parole (True Crime & Justice, 2012, p. 1). ... 1). Legal advocates assert that juvenile justice system should opt for rehabilitation instead of punishment. The latter is considered as unpleasant and may impact on the psychosocial make-up of a child, thus, causing stigma or isolation as they are left alone to handle their emotional setbacks while meting out punishment following a court decision declaring their guilt. Psychologists infer that punishment does not support rational processes that could address their delinquency nor those necessities to achieve desired behavioral reform. Advocates concern on child rights and welfares wanted the juvenile justice system to delve on mental health assessment of the young offenders by providing necessary services to change them into better persons and to help them conform to social norms (OJJDP, 2012; True Crime & Justice, 2012). They contend that as young offenders are also child undergoing developmental stages and constant adjustments to social norms, the intervention with the participati on of family members could help assuage traumatic impacts as consequence of committing offense. The family has been the most influential agent in shaping a child’s behavioral reform to discourage them to become recidivists whilst motivating them to responsibly care for themselves or their future. Moreover, the family also help provide advises and inspirations to the child, along with social experts within rehabilitation centers, as they knew best the historical causes and factors that led a child to commit socially unacceptable acts. Experts empirically posit that 95% of the juveniles that went to the rehabilitation program reformed and avoided re-arrest (OJJDP, 2012; True Crime & Justice, 2012). Such
Thursday, August 22, 2019
Shape and Secret Hideaway Place Essay Example for Free
Shape and Secret Hideaway Place Essay Childhood is such an innocent time in your life. Your childhood builds the foundation to which you will become. It creates the boundaries to which you will grow into. A child’s imagination is a very vivid and wide ranged. A child can see things we cannot hear, they hear things that we cannot hear. It is very detailed and sensitive and important to the overall development. It was in my childhood, where I found my secret hideaway place. I remember the day very vividly. I was 5 and still the only child. We had just moved into a one bedroom apartment, my mother and I. There were boxes everywhere, of all different sizes. My mother looked at me and said, â€Å"We’re going to save the big boxes to make you a play house†. I had no idea what a play house was, or why I even needed it. I had a ton of toys, and dolls. But I had no idea what a play house would do to enhance my play time experience. Two large cardboard boxes set the foundation to my house. Standing on the outside of the house, you could see the beautiful detail my artistic mother put into the structure. It was painted pink and yellow. There were windows, four to be exact, on each side of the house. Each window was cut from a different shape, one circle, one square, one triangle, and one rectangle. There was a flowerbed drawn under each window. The flowerbed contained different types of flowers, most of them tulips, probably because that’s the easiest to draw, all different colors and sizes. There was a little flap that served as a front door. It was painted bright red, and had a little circle knob drawn onto it as well. Walking into the house was magical. Instantly I entered into my own world. The side of my play house was just as detailed as the outside. There were four walls, and each wall contained a different color and pictures. There were real photographs of me, and my family members. There was a section that had numbers and letters so that I could practice learning them. There were pictures of teddy bears and clowns, because my mother knew there were my favorite things. There were the names of the shapes above each shaped window. In the middle of the house sat one single chair, for me to sit inside, and view the outside would through my own little window. I can remember sittings for hours. Playing and imagining different scenarios, I would teach my dolls and shapes, letters, and numbers. Sometimes the playhouse would be a mansion, and sometimes a classroom. It was my little get away, my moment within reality, a space that belonged to me and only me. I often times watched Television through the window or front door of the house. It was my look into the grown people world, from my own. I couldn’t tell you what ever happened to that little play house. I honestly don’t remember when it was taken down, or why it was taken down. It just kind of disappeared, as the reality of the adult world appeared. I am, however, grateful, for my little playhouse and the foundation it built for me in my adult life. My little play house provided me with security and substance. It taught me to use my mind, to see beyond what is in front of me and most importantly to think outside the box.
Wednesday, August 21, 2019
Location Based Social Networking Essay Example for Free
Location Based Social Networking Essay Imagine yourself in a locality surrounded by strangers- a new city, a new state yet, no more totally strange. Check-in Yo!, update your profile and you are all set for the location. The location based social networking app Yo!Buddy is making you familiar with the society and locale wherever you are. You can see the like-minded interests and hobbies pursuant, neighbors and have chance to communicate with them. If you think you are not familiar with the ones you desire to go ahead and say ‘hello’, do not feel the set back. Yo! will show you everyone using the app around you, upto 5km. The further you go with Yo!, it has the feature to update and check-in your location, nearby people, activities and events. What more would you ask your locality to show you than what you desire- the users and chance to communicate with them. Yo! finds it simple and unique to bring your online friends and neighbor closer to you in your real life. When you meet your locality people online more often chances to meet them in real life increase much more. Who knows you go to a big mall and are just checked-in to find out that another of your neighbor or friend is nearby or even an online Facebook friend has come to visit the city. You might even be idling at home on a weekend to find another of the Yo! user nearby you too is idling. This makes your networking stronger with him/her. Yo! is mastering itself to provide you the platform so that every time you check-in, the GPS based Yo! records it for you and fellow users. You can even check-in Yo! through your Facebook profile, connect with your friends nearby and be updated on how about of them. The social networking on web is changing and applications like Yo! are changing it for our betterment. You have the world shrunk in a piece of computer.You have Facebook, Twitter to make friends followers worldwide and network. Though most of the friends or followers you get through these are virtually available and you might not have them when you need them. We are traveling to distant places for various reasons and at a strange place we feel left alone, most of the time. We like to see and enjoy our stay, befriend the people around and see nice places or just sit in a corner and still be updated as who are doing what nearby. Imagine yourself to see and doing whatever you like. Imagine to be updated and also open to be welcomed and involved in the surrounding. Location based social networking is bringing the world more alive to you- on your android application, in your palm. You just have to give it a try: invite and spread it to people around you, check-in, update and you are all set to say ‘Yo! Buddy, Wassup!’
Tuesday, August 20, 2019
Procedure Oriented Programming
Procedure Oriented Programming  Submitted by: Gagandeep Singh Brar Procedure oriented programming is a set of functions. In this program Clanguage is used. To perform any particular task, set of function are compulsory. For example , a program may involve collecting data from user, performing some kind of calculation on that data and printing the data on screen when is requested. Calculating, reading or printing can be written in a program with the help of different functions on different tasks. POP method also emphases the functions or the subroutines. Structure of POP method Here is some problems in POP method like its difficult to handling data because it gives no importance to data. Dat means the information that are collected from user and after calculation new result come. If any one is familiar with C programming than he may recollect storage classes in C. In C, data member is declared GLOBAL in order to make 2 or more functions in the program. What happen when 2 or functions on the same data member. For example, when if there are 7 functions in a program and this become a global data member. Unfortunately, if the value of any global data member or that may key element than it will affect the whole program. It is a big problem to identify that which function is causing the problem. Handling of data functions in POP One of the most important feature of C language is structure. Programmer use integer data, decimal point data(float), array data pack together into single entity by using structure. The reason of the popularity of structure was introduced first by c language. Object Oriented Programming An OOP method differs from POP in its basic approach itself. All the best features of structured of OOP is developed by retaining the programming method, in which they have added number of concepts which makes efficient programming. Object oriented programming methods have number of features and it makes possible an entirely new way of approaching a program. We have to mind first that OOP retains all best features of POP method like functions/sub routines, structure etc. 1) The first feature that any programmer would talk about OOP is data hiding facility. Programmer can hide the important core data from external world by using OOP method. The basic concept of OOP revolves around a feature similar to structure in POP, named as class in OOP.. Data members can be declared as private or public inside a class. Programmer have to note that a class is really similar to structure in C. Due to same structure, a class packs together different things into a single entity. 2) Another important feature of OOP is code reusability. The simple means of code reusability is just that the code is written earlier in program or read or used it later. This is made possible by a feature of classes named inheritance. By using inheritance, one class can acquire the properties of another class. Let i will try to explain this using an example. Take the example of a School Management System and management decided to make software based on the data of students only. The programmer made the software and deciding to collecting personal details like Name, Age, Sex, Address etc. After one year school management decides to incorporate data of teachers to the software. The programmer can add this extension within a small time as he can reuse many of the codes he had written earlier by making use of inheritance. The class personal details is of general nature (Age, Sex etc are same for every person irrespective of student/teacher). ( CircuitsToday, 2015) C codes #include #include //1 FILE *fpgagan; //the actual students file FILE *fp1gagan; //temporary file    struct st_record    {        int id;        char fname[20];        char lname[20];        char class_name[20];        char address[40];        char phone[12];        char email[20];    };    struct st_record s1; void main() {    menu(); } menu() {    int choice;    printf(nPress 1 to create a new record);    printf(nPress 2 to edit an existing record);    printf(nPress 3 to search records);    printf(nPress 4 to delete a record);    printf(nPress 5 to exit this p program n);    scanf(%d, choice);    if(choice == 1)    {        create_fn();    }    else if(choice == 2)    {        edit_fn();    }    else if(choice == 3)    {        search_fn();    }    else if(choice == 4)    {        delete_fn();    }    else if(choice == 5)    {        exit_fn();    }    else    {        printf(nPlease enter the correct choice);        menu();    } } create_fn() {    printf(nStudent ID :);    scanf(%d, s1.id);    printf(nFirst name :);    scanf(%s, s1.fname);    printf(nLast name :);    scanf(%s, s1.lname);    printf(nClass name :);    scanf(%s, s1.class_name);    printf(nAddress :);    scanf(%s, s1.address);    printf(nPhone :);    scanf(%s, s1.phone);    printf(nEmail :);    scanf(%s, s1.email);    fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,a+); //3    fprintf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email); //4    fclose(fpgagan);    menu(); } edit_fn() {    printf(nThis is the edit function);    int id1,found;    found = 0;    printf(nPlease enter the Student ID :);    scanf(%d, id1);    if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL)        {            printf(Empty);        }        else        {            fp1gagan=fopen(students1.txt,a+);            while(!feof(fpgagan) found==0)                {                fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                if(s1.id==id1) {                    found=1;                     printf(nStudent record found.);                     printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                     printf(nEnter the new details now);                     printf(nStudent ID :);                     scanf(%d, s1.id);                     printf(nFirst name :);                     scanf(%s, s1.fname);                     printf(nLast name :);                     scanf(%s, s1.lname);                     printf(nClass name :);                     scanf(%s, s1.class_name);                     printf(nAddress :);                     scanf(%s, s1.address);                     printf(nPhone :);                     scanf(%s, s1.phone);                     printf(nEmail :);                     scanf(%s, s1.email);                     fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                     continue;                    }                else {                        fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                }                }                fclose(fpgagan);                fclose(fp1gagan);                remove(students.txt);                rename(students1.txt,students.txt);        }       if(found!=1)       {         printf(Not found);         getch();       }    menu(); } search_fn() {    int id1,found;    found = 0;    printf(nPlease enter the Student ID :);    scanf(%d, id1);    if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL)        {            printf(Empty);        }        else        {            while(!feof(fpgagan) found==0)                {                fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                if(s1.id==id1)                    found=1;                }        }       if(found==1)       {         printf(nStudent record found.);         printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);       }       else       {         printf(Not found);         getch();       }       menu(); } delete_fn() {    printf(nThis is the delete function);    int id1,found;    found = 0;    printf(nPlease enter the Student ID :);    scanf(%d, id1);    if((fpgagan=fopen(students.txt,r))==NULL)        {            printf(Empty);        }        else        {            fp1gagan=fopen(students1.txt,a+);            while(!feof(fpgagan) found==0)                {                fscanf(fpgagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                if(s1.id==id1) {                    found=1;                     printf(nStudent record found.);                     printf(n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                     printf(nRecord deleted);                     continue;                    }                else {                        fprintf(fp1gagan,n%dt%st%st%st%st%st%s,s1.id,s1.fname,s1.lname,s1.class_name,s1.address,s1.phone,s1.email);                }                }                fclose(fpgagan);                fclose(fp1gagan);                remove(students.txt);                rename(students1.txt,students.txt);        }       if(found!=1)       {         printf(Not found);         getch();       }    menu(); } exit_fn() {     printf(nThis is the exit function); } Here we are recording three students record In this screen short we are able to see the record of the students In this screen shot we try to editing the record Here we can see the change in the record. Here we try to delete the record And in this screen shot only one record is left CircuitsToday. (2015). Retrieved from Difference between Procedure Oriented(POP) and Object Oriented Programming(OOP): http://www.circuitstoday.com/difference-between-procedure-oriented-and-object-oriented-programming
Colon Cancer Essay -- essays research papers
Colon Cancer What is the disease? Colon and rectal cancer develop in the digestive tract, which is also called the gastrointestinal, or GI, tract. The digestive system processes food for energy and rids the body of solid waste matter (fecal matter or stool). Colon cancer and rectal cancer have many features in common. Sometimes they are referred to together as colorectal cancer. Over 95% of colorectal cancers are ad enocarcinomas. These are cancers of the glandular cells that line the inside of the colon and rectum. Other, less common type of tumors may also develop in the colon and rectum. Carcinoid tumors develop from hormone-producing cells of the intestine. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors develop in the connective tissue and muscle layers in the wall of the colon and rectum. Lymphomas are cancers of immune system cells that typically develop in lymph nodes but may also start in the colon and rectum or other organs. Colorectal cancers are thought to develop slowly over a period of several years. Before a true cancer develops, there usually are precancerous changes in the lining of the colon or rectum. These changes might be dysplasia or adenomatous polyps. A polyp is a growth of tissue into the center of the colon or rectum. Some types of polyps (hyperplastic polyps and inflammatory polyps) are not precancerous. However, having adenomatous polyps, also known as adenomas, does increase a person’s risk of developing cancer, especially if there are many polyps or they are large. In contrast to the inward growth of a polyp, a true cancer can grow inward toward the hollow part of the colon or rectum, and/or outward through the wall of these organs. If not treated, cells from the tumor may break away and spread through the bloodstream or lymph system to other parts of the body. There, they can form "colony" tumors. This process is called metastasis. The colon has four sections. The first section is called the ascending colon. It extends upward on the right side of the abdomen. The second section is called the transverse colon since it goes across the body to the left side. There it joins the third section, the descending colon, which continues downward on the left side. The fourth section is known as the sigmoid colon because of its S-shape. The sigmoid colon joins the rectum, which in turn joins the anus, or the opening where waste matter passes o... ...lon cancers develop from adenomatous polyps. Polyps are precancerous growths in the colon and rectum. Removing them can lower a person's risk by preventing some colorectal cancers before they are fully formed. Is diet a part of this cure? People can lower their risk of developing colorectal cancer by managing the risk factors that they can control, such as diet and physical activity. It is important to eat plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods and to limit intake of high-fat foods. Physical activity is another area that people can control. Even small amounts of exercise on a regular basis can be helpful, at least 30 minutes of physical activity on most days. Also, achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Some studies suggest that taking a daily multivitamin containing folic acid or folate can lower colorectal cancer risk. Other studies suggest that increasing calcium intake via supplements or low-fat dairy products may lower risk. Studies of vitamin A, C, D, and E supplements have yielded conflicting results, and additional research is needed. Work Cited National Cancer Institute, http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov/wyntk_pubs/colon.htm
Monday, August 19, 2019
Instrumental History of the Drums :: Instruments Drums Music Orchestra Essays
Instrumental History of the Drums The first instrumental drum was called a timpani or kettledrums. This drums origin is of Eastern origin. Small kettledrums were introduced into Europe as early as the 13th century. The European kettledrum , which is used in American orchestras also, derives its special sound from the size and shape and diameter of its bowl. This bowl is usually made of copper or fiberglass. Another primary drum is the snare drum. It was developed drom double-skinned drum of medieval times known as the tabor. This drum, also called a side drum , has its distinctive feature several gut or wire strings that stretch across the instruments lower skin. The upperskin is struck with a drum stick, while being struck the strings vibrate, giving this instrument its characteristic crisp staccato. This small medieval instrumnet gradually increased size, about the 15th century. It was so often combined in a performance with a fife that these two instrumnets became closely associated with one another. A fife is a small flute having from six to eight finger holes and it also has no key, used mainly with drums in playing marches. The tenor drum is closely related to the snare drum. It is somewhat larger in size and it has no snares across its lower skin. This drum is played with sofft felt covered sticks and it produces a huskier sound. While it is occasionally used in the orchestra this type of drum is found more frequently in military marching bands. The largest drum in the percussion family is the bass drum. The bass drum of the classical era, though not equiped with snares, was infact a very deep snare drum that was set up in a horizontal position to be played. This instrument was eventually replaced by the bass drum that is now familiar-- a large and shallow instrument with skins on either of its two sides.
Sunday, August 18, 2019
The Incredible Peanut :: Botany
The Incredible Peanut According to Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, a peanut is "a low-branching, widely cultivated, leguminous, annual herb with showy yellow flowers having a peduncle which elongates and bends into the soil where the ovary ripens into a pod containing one to three edible seeds" (7). However, this definition does not even begin to give any indication of the importance of the peanut as an agricultural power in the world today. Therefore, this paper will discuss the peanut including its history, economic uses, and other pertinent information regarding this amazing plant. The scientific name for the common, commercially grown peanut is Arachis hypogaea L. Contrary to popular opinion, however, the peanut is not really a nut such as a pecan or walnut. It is actually a close relative of the black eyed pea in the family Leguminosae. Legumes are plants in which the roots contain nodules of nitrogen fixing bacteria which return remarkable amounts of nitrogen to the soil. Logically, the peanut is a perfect crop to rotate in with soil depleting plants like cotton and is used extensively for this purpose (8). The peanut plant is a sparsely hairy, taprooted, annual bush about 45 cm tall when mature. The four main botanical varieties are Virginia, Spanish, Valencia, and Peruvian Runner. They are distinguished from each other by branching habit, branch length, and hairiness. The most interesting facet of peanut growth is the development of the seeds. After the small, yellow flowers pollinate themselves, the stalks at the bases of the ovaries, called pegs, elongate rapidly and turn downward due to geotropism. The peg then buries itself several inches in the ground to mature in approximately four months (6). In order for peanuts to be grown efficiently, several habitat criteria must be met. One of these is a suitable climate. For best yields, peanuts require a growing period of 4-5 months with a steady, rather high temperature and an annual rainfall of about 50-100 cm. The growing season must be long, warm and moist, but the harvest season must be dry so the pods will pull out of the ground. Another requirement is a light-col6red, well drained, sandy loam soil. If the peanuts are grown in too heavy soil, the pods will remain in the ground when the plants are harvested (4). Peanuts are grown in countries with warm climates all around the world. India produces about six million metric tons annually and is easily the world's leading producer.
Saturday, August 17, 2019
Lin Article Critique Essay
However, when splitting the forty patients into two treatment groups, the clients were split randomly. This places twenty participants in each subgroup. Pyrczak (2008) suggests that number of participants can be so small that generalizing would be inappropriate. At the conclusion of the study caution was given to the small sample size provided, but it was noted that â€Å"the sample size was more than sufficient to detect meaningful statistical differences, a major goal of all treatment studies†(Lin et al. , 2004). This indicates that a generalization was drawn from the target group of residential drug rehabilitation clients and was not drawn from a diverse source. Some participant dropped out of the study resulting in a 35% completion rate (Lin et al. , 2004). This low rate does effect generalizing the findings of the study. The participants were similar on relevant variables in that all of the patients were diagnosed with a mental disorder, had a history of a chronic addiction, a poor response to treatment and relapse, legal issue related to addiction and little motivation to change (Lin et al. 2004). Critique of Procedures The procedures followed in acquiring participants in this study initially were not chosen at random. The forty-three patients selected for the study were from a residential drug treatment center that had specific criteria preferred by the researchers. However, when the patients were separated into treatment groups, â€Å"they were randomly assigned to FT or ADC†(Linn et al. , 2004). The treatments described in this study are sufficiently explained in detail. The researchers describe ADC, alcohol and drug counseling as a common treatment plan for substance abuse. The article is written in more descriptive detail about forgiveness therapy for the reason that its effectiveness is being tested. The treatments were administered by a therapist trained in both FT and ADC therapy with more than twenty years of therapeutic counseling experience. The treatments that were administered were monitored by taping the therapy sessions with a member of the team arbitrarily selecting the tapings for review of â€Å"consistency between expected and delivered treatments†(Linn et al. 2004). The same therapist conducted all the therapy sessions so that the personal effect is eliminated as a factor from this study. The therapist used the same methodology in both types of treatment programs. The setting for the experiment was a natural setting in the sense that it was not conducted in a laboratory. The therapy sessions took place within the current living environment of the rehabilitation residential facility. The researcher considered attrition in this study stating that, â€Å"given the high levels of mobility and chaos that characterize the lives of this client population, this dropout rate is not unusual. However, the sample size was more than sufficient to detect meaningful statistical differences, a major goal of all treatment studies†(Linn et al. , 2004). Critique of Instrumentation The evaluating instruments for the research did not include actual items in the research, but did explain in great detail the description of each instrument. The researchers also included research that supported validity of each assessment. Specialized formatting and detail was used when the instruments were administered in random order and the response format was provided. Restrictions were placed upon the research when the patience were initially chosen with the three dispositions of a chronic addiction with relapse, psychiatric diagnoses, poor response to treatment with low motivation to change, and legal issues dealing with substance abuse (Linn et al. , 2004). Multiple methods are used to collect information on each variable within this research. The EFI, BDI-II, CSEI, STAI, SSTAEI and vulnerability to drug use scale were used to obtain data on each patient and use for statistical analysis (Linn et al. , 2004). The researchers provided sources and well researched information for each published instrument. The self-report assessments were not administered anonymously, therefore, there is some reason of doubt that information obtained from patients could have been influenced by â€Å"social desirability or response-style biases†(Linn et al. , 2004). This researcher believes steps were taken to keep the instrumentation from influencing any overt behaviors due to the fact that all patients were exposed to the same therapist as a constant, expected occurrence, causing little deviation from the expected schedule.
Friday, August 16, 2019
Comparing Literature Poems
â€Å"HAVISHAM†In the poem â€Å"Havisham†, Carol Ann Duffy presents the subject of this poem as an old, embittered woman with â€Å"ropes on the back of her hands†, while Browning presents the subject of his poem as a strong and determined but very jealous and embittered young woman. The poem is written in the first person in the form of a dramatic monologue, â€Å"The Laboratory†by Robert Browning is also written in this form. Miss Havisham is aware of her own stink – because she does not ever change her clothes or wash. She stays in bed and screams in denial.At other times she looks and asks herself â€Å"who did this†to her? She sometimes dreams almost tenderly or erotically of her lost lover, but when she wakes the hatred and anger return. Thinking of how she â€Å"stabbed at the wedding cake†she now wants to work out her revenge on the lover that betrayed her. Parent/Child Relationship Compare the ways parent/child relationsh ips are represented in ‘Before You Were Mine' by Carol Ann Duffy and three other poems, one by Simon Armitage and any two from the Pre-1914 Poetry Bank.The relationship between a parent and a child can bring about any of a range of emotions. In ‘The Affliction of Margaret', we see a parent's desperation at not hearing from her missing son in seven years, while in ‘On my first Sonne', the poet bids farewell to his dead son. In ‘Before You Were Mine', the poet describes the effect her own birth had on the lifestyle of her mother, whereas ‘My father thought it bloody queer' describes a strained relationship between father and son.The differing structures of the poems affect their impact. Wordsworth's structure for ‘The Affliction of Margaret' consists of eleven verses of seven lines each. How does Ben Jonson use language and structure to convey the message of the poem â€Å"On my first Sonne†? â€Å"On my first Sonne†is a poem where Jo nson describes his reaction to sorrow when his first son dies. Jonson confronts conflict, loss and despair when â€Å"Ben Jonson his best piece of poetrie†was â€Å"exacted by fate, on the just day†.He uses his son as an inspiration in this poem and describes his different stages that he has gone through by using language and structural features in this poem. The structural layout in this poem suggests that a progression of ideas is taking place. The first five lines indicate struggle, conflict, loss and despair. He experiences shock and guilt as he says, â€Å"My sinne was too much hope of thee, loved boy†.
Thursday, August 15, 2019
Apperance vs Reality In the Great Gatsby
The roaring twenties were the times of higher wages, new technologies and extravagant parties to celebrate after the devastating war. It was the time of great economic prosperity and many people became rich and wealthy. With this all happening many people lived in an illusionary world, where only few could see reality. Being successful during these times had nothing to do with hard work but rather involved false happiness, high social status and materialistic objects. F. Scott Fitzgerald implies in â€Å"The Great Gatsby†that Underneath those who appear to be living a life of perfection, there may be a lack ofn contentess in reality.In Scott. F Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the characters of Jay Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan, and Nick Carraway all reveal that the certain appearances of their lives do not match the reality. When a person becomes so caught up in their appearance they tend to forget about the reality around them. In the novel The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby por trays that the appearance of his life is unlike true reality. James Gatz grew up in a very poor family from North Dakota, and after he became wealthy he changed his name to Jay Gatsby to hide from his past appearance. Gatsby appears to be thisIndividual who has a successful and accomplished life because of all his wealth, but in reality he is a fraud. His wealth was not inherited from a wealthy family nor was it gained through a sincerely hard working job that but he became a bootlegger and gets his wealth from illegally selling bonds. Gatsby is unable to see past reality â€Å" can’t repeat the past? Why of course you can? †(116).Gatsby has a vision of re-gaining the relationship Daisy and him once had. He believes that since he’s made a name for himself and has become very wealthy, he now has everything he needs for Daisy to come back to him. Gatsby is blind to the reality that his dream is long gone and that his past can never be fully repeated. The future has brought other factors such as being married and his money being done illegally. He will never be able to repeat the relationship they once had when they were younger †he tried to recapture Daisy, and for a time it looks as though her will succeed. But he must fail, because of his inability to separate the ideal from the real. †It appears that since Gatsby is socially accepted in Daisy’s world with his wealthy and popular persona and that the love they have for each other still exists, he now has everything he needs to gain Daisy back. Since they already have strong love for each other. However, once Daisy soon discovers that Gatsby isn’t that man he puts out to be, and the comfort and protection she feels with Tom because of his wealth and status is much more important to her than the love and sacrifice Gatsby shows toward her. Daisy Buchanan married Tom Buchanan in spite of her infatuation with living a wealthy and glamorous lifestyle. Even though she realizes her husband is having an affair she still stays with him, convinced that her money will work as a distraction and make her happy.Nick discovers that â€Å" her whole carless world revolves around this illusion: that money makes everything beautiful, even if it’s not†. From the moment Daisy was born she was brought into a glamourized world of wealth. Once she’s older, she falls for Tom Buchanan and the money he represents, leading her to marry him. She feels that the wealthy lifestyle she endures with Tom will bring them eternal happiness and solve all of their potential problems. Regarding her daughter Pammy, Daisy says â€Å"And I hope she’ll be a fool- that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool. †(fitzgerald 21).This statement shows that she wishes that her daughter will grow up to be naive and beautiful so she doesn’t have to worry about all the problems that occur in life. Daisy hers elf is beautiful, however, she is not a fool and is fully aware of her husbands infidelities. She feels that if she was naive to this situation, she would be able to live happily in her life filled with beauty and wealth and would not have to deal with these kinds of problems. Unfortunately for Daisy, she realizes that a marriage lacking love and trust has erupted in her life and assumes that her money will over shadow this problem and make everything better.Daisy seems to be living a perfect, beautiful life because of her wealth and high social class. However, she soon comes to the conclusion that there is an emptiness in her heart that her money will never be able to fulfill. When a person is aware to the reality they began to realize how non important appearance is. The character of Nick Carraway is neighbours with the popular Gatsby and is exposed to his mansion that holds all of his extravagant parties. Nick demonstrates a character who realizes that the upper class world is n’t all what it seems. Nick perceives that the people of new york’s upper class live fascinating and wonderful lives due to their weath.When he eventually becomes part of the upper class world (having relation to Daisy and befriending Gatsby), Nick comes to the conclusion that wealth causes more harm and corruption than good. Nick begans to realize that after all the sacrifice and love Gatsby has done for his cousin Daisy, she still chooses to be with her unfaithful husband â€Å"they’re a rotten crowd. You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together†(Fitzgerald 162).After None of Gatsby’s friends, as well as t he many people who attended his parties, showed up to his funeral, Nick discovers that he no longer wants to be apart of a world containing such shallowness and selfishness. â€Å" Nick sees life now as it is. Nick dedues that Gatsby is both a racketeer and an incurable romantic, whose ill-gotten wealth has been acquired soley to g ain prominence in the sophisticated, moneyed world of Daisys circle. †Nick becomes to realize how naive his friend Jay Gatsby is to reality and how he’s allowing his money and appearance to take over. In the end, even the greatest of the characters in the Great Gatsby are conformed by their appearance. They may appear to live in such perfection and wealth but in reality money can’t buy happiness.
Wednesday, August 14, 2019
Dramatic features The Crucible Essay
‘The Crucible’ is always played exactly in its historical context with Puritan clothes and sets, it is rarely updated. What dramatic features does Miller employ to ensure the play maintains its relevance for a 21st century audience? In this essay I intend to discuss how Arthur Miller ensures that his play, which is set in Salem, Massachusetts, in the late 17th century, is still appealing and pertinent to a 21st century audience. Miller wrote ‘The Crucible’ in 1953, during the zenith of the McCarthy affairs in America. In 1692, the hysteria was owing to the alleged infiltration of witches under the command of Satan, while Joseph McCarthy was concerned with the supposed infiltration of Communists into American society. In both cases there were many innocent people accused and arrested, and panic bit into both communities. The play is relevant nowadays for many reasons: because it links with the situation in Afghanistan, it is exciting to watch because of the high tension and quite fast pace throughout, it incorporates dramatic irony to make the audience part of the action, and because it can appeal to so many different types of people. The reason why the whole Salem tragedy came about was because of an ancient paradox: a paradox still thriving and very relevant today. The paradox was the balance between individual freedom and prohibitive rules. The people of Salem had a religious theocracy, which was designed to keep the community together and to prevent any disunity in the neighbourhood. In this respect, the theocracy worked well. However, all governing systems must have rules of prohibition, or they simply will not work. Evidently, in Salem, the time had come when the repressions of order became too harsh in comparison to the dangers against which the order was set. The witch-hunt was a sign of the disarray when the balance began to swivel towards more individual freedom. An example of this paradox in modern society is the war in Afghanistan. Afghanistan was ruled by a religious theocracy, under the command of the Taliban. In order for the theocracy to be effective, the Taliban imposed prohibitive rules, such as the rule that all men must wear beards. Perhaps it was excessive individual freedom that led to the September 11th tragedy. Clearly, ‘The Crucible’ is a parable for many events like the Afghanistan situation with the Taliban. Just imagine the reaction of the Taliban if a child had started playing at ‘being an American’, like in ‘The Crucible’ children play at being witches. The anger and fear generated would have been just the same, despite being separated by over three hundred years. Even though times have changed since 1692, human nature is still identical, and tragic events like these will continue to happen because of our nature. It is futile writing a play that has a very relevant message to give to its audience, if the audience doesn’t stay until the end of the play. By using a structure that builds the tension progressively through the play, Miller ensures that his audience are kept firmly on the edges of their seats. He uses a climactic curtain at the end of each act, to entice the audience back to their seats after the interval. An example of this is the ‘cliff-hanger’ at the end of the first act, when the girls are hysterically accusing other women of being with the Devil.
Sellers Remedies for Breach of Contract by a Buyer Essay
Sellers Remedies for Breach of Contract by a Buyer - Essay Example The aim of the paper is to analyze the adequacies of the remedies available to a seller in the event of the breach of contract by a buyer. B. Remedies Available To the Seller in Case a Buyer Breaches Contract Any breach of a valid and binding contract gives the aggrieved party the right to sue for damages from the party that has breached the contract4. The English law of contract provides certain remedies to an aggrieved seller whose contract has been breached by a buyer as noted by Whincup5. It is worth noting that unlike buyer’s remedies that are dependent on the acceptance of an offer, seller’s remedies for breach of contract does not depend on the acceptance of the contract6. According to Rowan, regardless of whether the buyer has accepted the goods or not, a breach of the contract entered into with the seller gives the seller the right to sue for incidental damages or sue the buyer for fraud or third-party tort in case the seller still has an interest in the goods7 . The law of contract states that in the event that a buyer wrongfully revokes acceptance, rejects goods, or refuses to pay the amount due in respect of the goods before delivery, the seller is entitled by law to withhold the goods until the buyer pays the total amount due as agreed in the contract. Secondly, the seller also has the right under the law to stop delivery of the goods by any bailee or resell the goods to recover the damages. The law also permits the seller to recover damages from the buyer for non-acceptance of the goods or a price in some cases8. In addition, the seller is also allowed by law to cancel the contract altogether after giving the buyer in breach a notice and after allowing them more time to make up for their breach according to Article 64(1)(b) and Article 63(1) of the CISG9. 1 Seller’s Right to Damages The seller can claim damages from the buyer as long as they result from a breach of contract and the damages are not too remote according to Articl e 61(1)(b) of the CISG10. Essentially, the damages that the buyer pays the seller is aimed at putting the seller in the position he/she would otherwise have been had the contract well performed (Robinson v Harman [1848]) 11. Hadley v Baxendale ([1854]) 12 present the principles of remoteness in respect of damages. For damages to be applied to a party in breach of contract, the losses that the aggrieved party suffers must naturally flow from the breach. Alternatively, the losses that arise from possible breach of contract must have been contemplated by the parties to the contract. Some specific types of contracts are subject to legislation that prescribe remedies in the event a party breaches the contract. A contract that involves the sale of goods, for example, allows a party to recover special damages in line with section 54 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (SGA). A seller can claim compensation for reliance loss in case it is not easy to prove loss of expectation (Anglia TV v Reed [1 972])13. As exemplified in Jarvis v Swans Tours Ltd [1973]14and Jackson v Horizon Holidays [1975]15, a seller can successfully claim damages for mental distress or disappointment in case the contract is, for example, a holiday contract.Â
Tuesday, August 13, 2019
Social media effects on social & personal behaviors Research Paper
Social media effects on social & personal behaviors - Research Paper Example Increased use of social media in the education will improve students’ social and personal behaviors. Social media is the new mode of communication as well as education. Students of all ages and levels of education have been deeply engrossed with using the different social media to carry out research on school assignments and to communicate with their fellow classmates and their professors. The professors and tutors are also using the platforms to contact their students as far as educational matters are concerned. The continued use of the social media has led to more positive changes in the social and personal behaviors of the students than the negative ones and the research findings indicates that more positive effects can influence the use of social media. It is important to look into more detail about these positive and negative effects of social media use in education because its use is on the increase. Addressing these issues will enable those in the educational field to g et tips on how to engage their students more efficiently and effectively, as well as to assist students to interact and to enhance their classroom skills. Positive effects will be collaborative interaction, communicate with an instructors and peers, and create positive environment in school, whereas the negative effects will include cyber-bullying, stalking, and creating a negative environment in education.
Monday, August 12, 2019
Globalisation as the Enhanced Cooperation Assignment
Globalisation as the Enhanced Cooperation - Assignment Example Intergovernmental agencies act as a watchdog that promotes peace and human rights. Contentious issues are not military solved but dealt with in amicably in summits. Economic trade organizations encourage multilateral and bilateral interactions. Introduction of subsidies and wavering on tariffs results to lowered priced goods which curbs inflation. Controlled inflation finally is what normally improves the living standards benefitting both the states involved in the trade. Economic integration also protects members from exploitation as their union reinforce the bargaining power in the international markets. Such symbiotic relationships foster peace and unity in a region (Pande & Weide, 2012). Citizens moving across borders of countries also undergo fewer restrictions. Interurban and the interurban trades have greatly promoted cultural interaction and appreciation among between these regions. Migration is never an easy task in as much as it can bring happiness to a person. A young male Mexican with little attachments, if unmarried can find it easy to move from a place to the next. This young individual might possess little baggage to carry around and is flexible enough to adapt everywhere. Movement for the retired mid-western farm couple is quite challenging. The movement for the aged is quite difficult reason being getting adapted to a new culture which is not simple. An old couple might find it difficult to move after already stabilizing a family in a place. Lastly on the unemployed heavy machine operator will face the hurdle of mobility in terms of machinery. Moving heavy machinery is expensive and can lead to breakage while in transit. Security in where he will be moving is also important for both his/her equipment and family. Acclimatising and adapting to a new area could have been easier if the heavy equipment operator could have been of a tender age. Migration is irredeemably an agent of diffusion. As people move from one place to the next they bring in cultural exchange. America was referred to as the new world by the Europeans as they a vast culture that was so alien to theirs.
Sunday, August 11, 2019
Luther the movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Luther the movie - Essay Example ement; "I live in terror of judgment, have you ever dared to think that God is not just threatening us with the fires of hell.†Martin can be viewed to be repulsing God. When you compare this to â€Å"The Recital of the Deceased Egyptian†Martin will be seen as repulsing God because the situation is so strict and that makes it almost impossible for one not to sin. "I have not repulsed the God in his manifestations, I am pure, I am pure, I am pure," is a complex statement for any human being. But Luther tries to live and attain these abnormal standards and that is the main reason he has to live in a Hinduism way of life. He has to live and be fully devoted to God as it is the primary goal. Martin is also obliged to follow the ways of salvation which are clearly shown throughout the movie. The first way is that of good works and is seen when Martin gives back the money the money that had been paid for indulgences to the mother of the girl that could not walk. He tells her that paying indulgences is not the right way to get to God. The way of salvation through knowledge is seen when Martin becomes a preacher and decides to teach differently. When Martin translates the Bible into German language, he was portraying the way of devotion. This was crucial as he was dedicated to letting the people making sure that people had a chance to understand religion by reading the Bible and know what they were getting into. When Martin teaches a young girl how to learn to walk again he was practicing the physical discipline way (Chaffee 36). It is hard to imagine any social being that is pure. Though Martin is seen as a hero by many people who believe that he was a reformer and the greatest one that the religion has ever had, some people see him as one who wrestled with God. In the beginning, we see a tormented Luther that is willing to become a monk if only he is saved d by the heavens from a thunderstorm. We see him wishing there were no God and longed to a God that he that is
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