Community Health Nusing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community Health Nusing - Essay Example I learnt to design and implement health education campaigns and diseases prevention activities such as immunization, sex education, abstinence and screenings. To do this, I had to monitor health trends by looking at students’ past health records in order to identify heath risk factors that were unique to Cesar Chavez High School. I believe a person’s health is affected by factors like environmental changes, lifestyle and genetic composition. Effective prevention measures would include health care education, proper nutrition, efficient safety practices, and early detection of common diseases (Appleby et al, 2005). I learnt how to identify and respond to potential health issues. I also learnt about the importance of patient-doctor confidentiality; hence I was able to encourage the students to come for medication irrespective of their medical conditions. Admittedly, the students have changed substantially since I got to Cesar Chavez High School. Most of them have dropped their bad habits. Usually, high school students are curious and tend to pursue satisfaction of their curiosity by experimenting on new things. Some of them were into drugs while others were just naughty and would fake sickness in order to avoid exams. Teen pregnancies were also rampant. Most of them did not take their health seriously because those who were sick would take up to a week before seeking medical attention. This delay was making treatment difficult for me as a nurse. In addition, cleaning the environment was perceived as a punishment to students. I set out to address these issues on the grounds that prevention was better than cure by educating both the staff and the students on the importance of getting rid of health prejudice. In addition, I stressed the importance of disease prevention. For instance, maintaining high hygienic conditions would lower the chances of contacting diseases such as dysentery.

Formulation of Strategy and Its Effects on Organizational Structure Essay

Formulation of Strategy and Its Effects on Organizational Structure - Essay Example If the strategy is effective, it would result in an efficient organizational structure and the organization would be able to achieve its goals successfully. Therefore, the following discussion takes into account the fact that the formulation of strategy takes precedence over the determination of structure of the organization. FORMULATION OF STRATEGY Formulation of strategy is highly important for the success of an organization. If an organization puts the right effort in the process of formulation of strategy, it would be able to design an effective strategy and thus the organization would reap long term benefits on the basis of that strategy. According to Lamb (1984), strategic management is a continuous process that controls and evaluates the business undertaken by the organization, evaluates the potential of its competitors of the organization, and it specifies goals and strategies for the organization in order to enable it to face the threats posed by the competitors, and then re -evaluates the efficiency and effectiveness of the strategy on a periodic basis. Strategic management also assumes the responsibility of determining whether the strategy requires any modification due the change in the external environment of the entity. The initial stage of strategy formulation is the determination of a mission statement for the organization. ... zation conducts an internal and external analysis of the entity in order to assess the threats posed to the organization by its environment and the opportunities that the organization possesses. One of such analyses is known as SWOT analysis which considers the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the organization. SWOT analysis is used to assess the effectiveness of an already implemented strategy as well (Armstrong et al 2009). This analysis is highly important for the strategic core of an organization as it provides critical information regarding the environment in which the organization operates. By having such information, the management would be able to design such competitive strategy that would help the organization survive in the industry amidst the competition posed by its competitors. Internal analysis of an organization includes the evaluation of the resources possessed by the organization and the internal processes of an organization. The management evalua tes the resources possessed by the organization as compared to other organizations in the industry. If the organization possesses a resource that is available to that and that organization only, it can be given the status of the competitive advantage of the organization. Competitive advantage of an organization is a resource or a quality acquired by an organization that helps it survive in the industry notwithstanding the size and potential of its competitors. If the competitive advantage of an organization is identified, the strategic core of the organization can design the strategy in such a manner that it capitalizes over the potential of the organization’s competitive advantage. Competitive advantage of an organization may be the distinct quality of its products, a technology

Tesco Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Tesco Malaysia Essay Tesco Malaysia is the only hypermarket who provides online shopping. The reason to go online shopping is Tesco has great quality of the products, freshly picked and carefully packed. Besides that, they have wide range, variety of brands for us to choose from. They also have great prices and promotions, the same as in store. Consumer can also collect Clubcard points, just like in store. The main reason of why consumer should go online shopping is Tesco delivery your products to your door in temperature controlled van. It’s convenient for consumer who doesn’t have enough time to go shopping in store. First of all, consumer will have to register an online account with Tesco and then can start shopping by browsing the product that they want. They are lot categories of groceries including fresh good, grocery, baby, chilled frozen, drinks, healthy beauty, household, pets and home, office gifting. Currently Tesco are only offering their service to some cities and towns within Klang Valley including Ampang, Bandar Baru Bangi, Bangi, Banting, Batu Caves, Cheras, Cyberjaya, Dengkil, Gombak, Hulu Klang, Hulu Langat, Jenjarom, Kajang, Kapar, Kepong, Kinrara, Klang, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Selangor, Kuang, Meru, Pelabuhan Klang, Petaling Jaya, Puchong, Putrajaya, Rantau Panjang, Rawang, Selayang, Semenyih, Sepang, Serdang, Serendah, Seri Kembangan, Sungai Buloh, Shah Alam, Subang, Subang Jaya, Telok Panglima Garang. Consumers are required to choose a time slot for delivery. There are 2 hour time slots and its next day delivery from 10am to 10pm. 7 days a week. The payment type is pay at the door. Payment is taken after delivery, so consumer can amend their order up until 11pm the night before. All payments are by credit or debit card. The deliveries brought to consumer in a temperature controlled van. Consumer can hand back any unwanted items to the driver. Tesco take payment only on the exact items consumer has accepted. Payments are taken at the end of the day of delivery. There is a Tesco Help Page will be the guidance for the online consumer who seeks for answer known as frequently asked question(FAQ). It’s convenient for consumer. Besides that, there is ‘comment card’ for consumer to click in. Consumer can send feedback to Tesco and rate the page. There is contact number and email address of Tesco on the bottom right of the website. In my opinion, Tesco Online Grocery is a very convenient and easy-use for modern people in city.

Site Directed Mutagenesis of Subtilisin

Site Directed Mutagenesis of Subtilisin Introduction Subtilisin is a monomeric protein serine protease, which is produced by Gram positive bacteria and fungi.(1) Serine proteases are a subgroup of carbonyl hydrolase. These carbonyl hydrolases can be naturally occurring or recombinant. Naturally occurring carbonyl hydrolases consists of subtilisin matalloproteases, serine carboxypeptidase and thiol proteinase. In case of recombinant carbonyl hydrolase, the sequence coding for the wild type enzyme is altered to produce a mutant either by insertion, substitution or deletion of amino acid. Proteases are a diverse class of enzymes having several biological functions and specificities. The catalytic machinery of these enzymes is attributed to subtilisin and mammalian chymotrypsin related bacterial serine protease.(2) They are responsible for cleaving peptide bonds found in proteins. The proteases play an important role in cell wall turnover and are maximally expressed in the stationary phase. Serine proteases have molecular weights ranging f rom 25,000-30,000. They are inhibited by diidopropylfluorophosphate but are resistant to EDTA ( ethylene diamaine tetra acetic acid.) (3) The amino acid sequences of several subtilisins like subtilisin Carlsberg, subtilisin BPN, and subtilisin DY are known. Subtilisin BPN is a 275 amino acid serine protease, which is secreted by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. This enzyme is industrially important and its gene has been cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis. This molecule has two enzyme binding sites- one of the site binds weakly to cations and the other one binds calcium with high affinity. These calcium binding sites are common characteristics of microbial proteases since they contribute towards kinetic and thermodynamic stability. Subtilisin is majorly used in industries wherein the environment contains high levels of metal chelators which remove the calcium from subtilisin , thus reducing its stability. It would be highly beneficial to create a stable subtilisin which would be independent of calcium. These mutated subtilisin enzymes will have an enhanced stability even in the presence of detergents and chaotropic ag ents. X-ray crystallographic analysis of mutants revealed that the conformational changes due to the mutations are localized, with very less distortion of the backbone structure. Thus a large increase in stability can be obtained with very minor changes in the protein structure. Mutants can be created by deletion, addition or substitution of amino acids at positions 75-83. The deletion of amino acids 75-83 has shown to eliminate the calcium binding site while still retaining its enzymatic activity. However, calcium free subtilisins are susceptible to proteolysis. This can be overcome by converting the active site serine 221 to cysteine (S221C). This allows the protein to fold without any auto-degradation by proteolysis. A recombinant DNA was created which encoded an active subtilisin protein without the ability to bind to calcium. The protein had no codons which specifies amino acids 75-83 and had certain additional stabilizing mutations at the N-terminal amino acids 1-8 or the ÃŽ ± helix amino acids 70-74 or the helix turn amino acids 84-89. Suitable host cells were transformed with an expression vector containing this DNA segment. Upon culturing the host cells the enzymatically active subtilisin mutant was expressed and recovered.(1) Fabric cleaning compositions containing subtilisin BPN mutants The ability to hydrolyze proteins can be exploited by incorporating these proteases as an additive to laundry detergents. Most of the stains on clothes are proteinaceous and these enzymes can efficiently aid in their removal. The amino acid sequence of the protease is responsible for its characteristics. The subtilisin BPN variants have modifications at 2-3 amino acid positions. This variant has an increased hydrolytic power and decreased adsorption to an insoluble substrate as compared to the original subtilisin. A decreased adsorption to the substrate results in a better cleaning performance. In subtilisin BPN, the amino acids ranging from position 199-220 form a large exterior loop on the molecule. This loop plays an important role in mediating the adsorption of enzyme to the surface bound peptide and mutations in this region will affect the adsorption. The substituting amino acids in case of a mutation are either neutral or negatively charged. The substituting amino acid for position 199 is mostly His, Ala, Cys, Pro, Glu, Asp, Gly, Asn or Gln and for position 207 is Glu or Asp. The cleaning compositions comprise of 0.001-1% of one or more enzyme variants. The enzyme variants can be used along with other conventional ingredients to produce efficient fabric laundry composition. These fabric cleaning compositions also contain various zwitterionic or anionic surfactants, hydrotopes, dyes or pigments, primary or secondary alcohols, chelating agents and brighteners. Fermentation: The Bacillus subtilis cells having the subtilisin mutant are allowed to grow till mid log phase in LB glucose broth and is then inoculated into a fermentor. The cells are grown overnight at 37ËÅ ¡C. Chloramphenicol is added for the antibiotic selection of mutagenized plasmid. The cells are removed from the broth by centrifugation The enzyme is purified by affinity adsorption or cation exchange chromatography. The active enzyme concentration is determined by the pNA assay. ( para nitro anilide) This assay measures the rate at which pNA is released as the enzyme hydrolyses the substrate. The rate at which the yellow colour is produced is measured at 410nm with the help of a spectrophotometer and is directly proportional to the enzyme concentration. The total protein concentration can also be estimated by determining the absorbance at 280nm. (4) Production of subtilisin variants Techniques used in microbiology, molecular biology, protein purification and recombinant DNA technology are all used in developing a subtilisin variant, which is a part of dish washing and fabric cleaning compositions. Cassette mutagenesis method for production of protease variants The gene encoding the protease is sequenced The sequence is screened for a point at which desired mutation can be made The sequences flanking this region are checked for the presence of restriction enzyme site so as to replace a short segment of the gene with an oligonucleotide which will then encode various mutants. The gene is mutated by primer extension The oligonucleotides are synthesized to have the same restriction sites, eliminating the need for synthetic linkers to create the restriction site. The genes coding for serine proteases of B.amyloliquefaciens, B.subtilis and B.licheniformis can be used as targets for mutagenesis. The gene can be inserted into a suitable vector and introduced into a host strain ( Bacillus PB92) for expression and production of mutant proteases. These mutations / substitutions enhance the performance and stability of subtilisin in detergent compositions. These serine proteases can be used in the form of granules and liquid composition both in laundry dishwashing and cosmetic applications. These enzymes are often in the form of encapsulated particles in order to protect it from the other components. Encapsulation also improves the enzyme performance and helps in regulating its availability. The encapsulating material can be derived from carbohydrates, silicates, polyvinyl alcohol, borates, PEG or paraffin waxes. Fabric cleaning performance by Blood Milk Ink microswatch assay. (BWI) This assay is performed on a microtitre plate. Samples of the subtilisin variants and reference subtilisin are obtained from filtered culture broths. 10ul samples of the enzyme are added to the BWI swatch plate along with 90ul of working detergent solution. The plates are incubated for 30 minutes. 100ul of the supernatant is transferred into a new microtiter plate and its absorbance is measured. Control wells contain the detergent solution without the protease sample. The measurement at 450nm tracks pigment removal and at 600nm tracks turbidity and cleaning. The performance index (PI) of the variant is calculated. PI compares the performance of variant and reference enzyme at the same protein concentration. PI>1 the variant is better than the wild type. PI=1 variant and standard have the same performance PI

Essay --

Kierra Spaulding Media Criticism 3/11/2014 Professor Seong Min Reaction Paper: Killing Us Softly 4 I agree a great deal with the films idea of the media distorting the images of women. In the beginning of the film Jean Kilbourne states that, â€Å"the average American is exposed to over 3,000 ads every single day†. Thus, the advertising industry has the power to impact our outlook on many things in society including women. The issue is that advertisers are not looking out for our best interest; their main goal is to increase profit. As a result, individuals are physically, mentally, and emotionally affected by our culture’s unrealistic ideal image of beauty. I believe that we are constantly presented with this falsehood in the media about loving our bodies; only if our bodies are conveniently situated in what society finds attractive. For example, back in 2010, Victoria’s Secret launched the â€Å"Love Your Body† campaign. While it is very important to encourage everyone to love their body, the women depicted in the campaign all have the same body type. There is nothing wrong with their body type which is considered very slender, tall, long legs, and toned. The issue is that this is the only body presented in the campaign which makes women with other body types feel inferior and not of value. To this day, Victoria’s Secret still chooses to use this particularly slender body type to advertise their lingerie and such. Contrary to Victoria’s Secret, Dove started â€Å"The Dove Campaign for Real Beauty† in 2004. The campaign was started due to the fact that it was necessary to broaden the idea of beauty because it had become limiting and unattainable. The campaign included women of all different sizes as opposed to Victor... ...le more aware of these issues. However, the problems are still not being fixed. In fact, due to the unrealistic ideals of what a women’s body should look like, there are an enormous number of girls starting as young as 6 who hate their bodies to the extent of skipping dinner. Females are driven to the point of anorexia, bulimia, as well as binge eating. Women go on extreme diets that are not realistic to stay healthy causing them to go on excessive binges which in return are even worse. The statement â€Å"If looks could kill† can actually be taken literally because women are trying to â€Å"look† the part while unfortunately killing themselves emotionally, mentally, and physically. Sources Dove Campaign http://www.dove.us/social-mission/campaign-for-real-beauty.aspx Victoria’s Secret Campaign http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/01/victorias-secret-launches_n_480435.html

Cuba :: essays research papers

The weeks that have elapsed since that fatal event of February 15th have been making history in a manner highly creditable to the American government and to our citizenship. Captain Sigsbee, the commander of the Maine, had promptly telegraphed his desire that judgment should be suspended until investigation had been made. The investigation was started at once, and 75 million Americans have accordingly suspended judgment in the face of a great provocation. For it must be remembered that to suppose the destruction of the Maine an ordinary accident and not due to any external agency or hostile intent was, under all the circumstances, to set completely at defiance the law of probabilities. It is not true that battleships are in the habit of blowing themselves up. When all the environing facts were taken into consideration, it was just about as probable that the Maine had been blown up by some accident where no hostile motive was involved, as that the reported assassination of President Barrios of Guatemala, a few days previously, had really been a suicide. . . . It has been known perfectly well that Spanish hatred might at any time manifest itself by attempts upon the life of the American representative at Havana, Consul General Fitzhugh Lee. This danger was felt especially at the time of the Havana riots in January, and it seems to have had something to do with the sending of the Maine to Havana Harbor. The Spaniards themselves, however, looked upon the sending of the Maine as a further aggravation of the long series of their just grievances against the United States. They regarded the presence of the Maine at Havana as a menace to Spanish sovereignty in the island and as an encouragement to the insurgents. A powerful American fleet lay at Key West and the Dry Tortugas, with steam up ready to follow the Maine to the harbor of Havana at a few hours' notice. All this was intensely hateful to the Spaniards, and particularly to the Army officers at Havana who had sympathized with General Weyler's policy and who justly regarded General Weyler's recall to Spain as due to the demand of President McKinley. The American pretense that the Maine was making a visit of courtesy seemed to these Spaniards a further example of Anglo-Saxon hypocrisy. That this intense bitterness against the presence of the Maine was felt among the military and official class in Havana was perfectly well known to Captain Sigsbee, his staff, and all his crew; and they were not unaware of the rumors and threats that means would be found to destroy the American ship. It was, furthermore, very generally supposed that the Spanish Cuba :: essays research papers The weeks that have elapsed since that fatal event of February 15th have been making history in a manner highly creditable to the American government and to our citizenship. Captain Sigsbee, the commander of the Maine, had promptly telegraphed his desire that judgment should be suspended until investigation had been made. The investigation was started at once, and 75 million Americans have accordingly suspended judgment in the face of a great provocation. For it must be remembered that to suppose the destruction of the Maine an ordinary accident and not due to any external agency or hostile intent was, under all the circumstances, to set completely at defiance the law of probabilities. It is not true that battleships are in the habit of blowing themselves up. When all the environing facts were taken into consideration, it was just about as probable that the Maine had been blown up by some accident where no hostile motive was involved, as that the reported assassination of President Barrios of Guatemala, a few days previously, had really been a suicide. . . . It has been known perfectly well that Spanish hatred might at any time manifest itself by attempts upon the life of the American representative at Havana, Consul General Fitzhugh Lee. This danger was felt especially at the time of the Havana riots in January, and it seems to have had something to do with the sending of the Maine to Havana Harbor. The Spaniards themselves, however, looked upon the sending of the Maine as a further aggravation of the long series of their just grievances against the United States. They regarded the presence of the Maine at Havana as a menace to Spanish sovereignty in the island and as an encouragement to the insurgents. A powerful American fleet lay at Key West and the Dry Tortugas, with steam up ready to follow the Maine to the harbor of Havana at a few hours' notice. All this was intensely hateful to the Spaniards, and particularly to the Army officers at Havana who had sympathized with General Weyler's policy and who justly regarded General Weyler's recall to Spain as due to the demand of President McKinley. The American pretense that the Maine was making a visit of courtesy seemed to these Spaniards a further example of Anglo-Saxon hypocrisy. That this intense bitterness against the presence of the Maine was felt among the military and official class in Havana was perfectly well known to Captain Sigsbee, his staff, and all his crew; and they were not unaware of the rumors and threats that means would be found to destroy the American ship. It was, furthermore, very generally supposed that the Spanish

Health Care Rights

Should you have to work for your health care or is it a right that should be given. March 21, 2013 Have you ever been in a car accident and the air bag deployed? It may have saved your life and you start to become thankful for having air bags in your vehicle. Now if an air bag weren’t place in the car then you would heighten the risk of getting injured and dying. This is also the same concept that goes with healthcare and us. If healthcare weren’t available to everyone then we would heighten the risk of dying if we get ill or injured.Healthcare should be a standard role in everyone’s lives just how airbags are standard in all cars that are produced in today’s society. That is why healthcare should be an essential and prominent right that should be given to everyone who needs it, because we all need it as our airbag to stay alive. Lets start backwards to get some information on how healthcare has formed throughout history. President Teddy Roosevelt was the first to push universal health care for all Americans during 1912. 1 Health insurance was largely unavilable at the time.Doctors were not as extremely educated enough about diseases to really provide much useful care to sick people and there for they didn’t charge very much. The Social Security Act became establish as a system of federal old-age benefits and to provide states with funds to build local health departments. This took place during the great depression (1935), when Franklin D. Roosevelt was president. Around this time doctors began learning more about diseases and effective treatments. In 1946, the hospital survey and construction act was past.This act gave states access to federal grants to help pay for the maintenance and construction of public health centers. When President Eisenhower was in office, he past the Internal Revenue Act and authorize military Medicare. These acts created tax exclusion for many employers to provided benefits and extend health insuran ce to dependents. The supply of health insurance increased as commercial insurance companies entered the market. The Union negotiations also reinforce the employment-based health insurance system. The use of healthcare increased as medical technology became more ophisticated and cost started to rise. The government started to encourage employers to offer health insurance as part of employee compensation packages. The problem that came up is that those who retired from their job lost their health insurance. Speeding the process up we enter 1965, were Medicare and Medicaid programs are past in order to provide the elderly with medical coverage. Currently we have a good understand on the development of healthcare. This 20th century healthcare has been getting out of control. There are a number of factors that has drive the cost of healthcare sky high.This is from medical technology, increasing medication costs, and problems with managed care systems. There are a large number of America ns who don’t have health insurance and can testify that the healthcare system needs to be reform. The 2 primary issues of healthcare that needs to be reform are the available access to healthcare and the affordability of healthcare. Many Americans, with and without health insurance, face crippling financial debt from their medical care. The big question is what should be done with this large healthcare problem?Should healthcare be a right given to Americans or should you have to work for it? First of all the Declaration of Independence clearly states that all men have the unalienable right to â€Å"Life†. If we don’t have health care to support that natural right then we are like in an ocean that we can fish in all we want but without any supplies to do so. Second of all the Preamble of the Constitution states that its purpose is to â€Å"promote the general welfare† which health care has to be included into this idea because it helps promote the general welfare of the people by taking care of them.In addition, if we give everyone healthcare then people will be able to live longer and more durable lives that can help them work harder to help stimulate our economy. Also, Americans suffer from uninsurance from about $65-130 billion annually due to medical bills. [1] In 2007 62% of all US bankruptcies were related to medical expenses and 78% of these bankruptcies were filed by people who had medical insurance. [2]That is crazy when you think about how much debt Americans are in right now and medical expenses cause a majority of it. All that money could be saved and help the American people get out of debt and stop mooching of the government so much. In addition, if a disease came out of nowhere and started spreading through the American population then so many people would get ill and not go to the hospital. They are nervous of the medical expenses awaiting them and how it could financially ruin them. This would devastate our country w ith such ignorance because the disease might kill thousands and cracking the foundation of our society.Also, health care is an important and crucial service for our society just like public schools and fire department services. Our tax money goes to those services, which help lives, but health care is somehow different, I don’t understand that concept. However other people say no to having healthcare open to everyone for multiple reasons. The role of the government is to protect the rights of individuals to freely pursue their own interests in the economic marketplace without violations of their liberty through coercion, manipulation, or fraud. [3] 9 With this being the main point, no one has a right to health care.They state that most people wont fall into medical problems if they choose a healthy lifestyle and prevent these problems from happening. In addition, they say that since healthcare will be open to everyone that hospitals will back up with patients and it will take everyone longer to get their treatment and diagnoses. This can lead to major dissatisfaction with the people and maybe death if they are treated too late due to this act which was suppose to help this person live. In addition, they state that since healthcare will be placed on the government now, they must spend more money, which would get them into more debt. 4]Then as a result the government might have to higher taxes and hurt the economy and individual wallets. Also, since the free market rules healthcare right now, this allows competition to flourish between companies which can help create the best services and most advanced technology made for health. In addition, people might develop a problem know as â€Å"moral hazard† which means that people might take riskier actions because they know healthcare already covers them if they get injured. All these points are wrong and narrowed minded views of ignorant people.Giving healthcare to people will definitely save more lives then what’s happening now. This will also help cause the economy to grow because the taxes put on the people due to this change doesn’t even compare to the hospital bills we pay now. In addition, I believe that the government can create more advanced services and technology due to size of our government’s wallet and spending budget compared to a small company. Also, people wont be stupid enough to kill themselves because healthcare might save there lives, that is just crazy and extremely childish to put your life in harms way.That idea doesn’t even compare to scope of mankind’s morals right now. In conclusion, we should let everyone have healthcare provided for him or her. This helps stimulate economic growth in multiple areas of our society and keeps the money flowing. In addition, a lot of American people will be pulled out of medical expenses, which they can use their money to put to better uses like food and the necessities of life. Also, this helps secure a natural human right that our society’s foundation was built upon ever since the founding of this free nation of ours.This position also helps focus on the idea that healthcare should not be earned by hard work but instead given to Americans as their natural right. By making the right to health care a special case of rights to equality of opportunity, we arrive at a reasonable, albeit incomplete and imperfect. It’s a way of restricting its scope while still recognizing its importance. [5] Healthcare for everyone not only helps our society out right now but also secures a bright future for our future generations to follow and build upon.Bibliography Vaughn, L. (2010) Bioethics: principles, issues, and cases. New York: Oxford University Press. Jonathan Alter, â€Å"Health Care As a Civil Right,† Newsweek, Aug. 15, 2009 American Medical Student Association (AMSA), â€Å"Arguments and Counterarguments about Health Care Reform,† www. amsa. org ( accessed Aug. 27, 2009) American Medical Student Association (AMSA), â€Å"The Case for Universal Healthcare,† www. amsa. org (accessed Aug. 27, 2009) Max Baucus, â€Å"Call to Action: Health Reform 2009,† www. finance. senate. gov, Nov. 12, 2008Board on Health Care Services (HCS) and Institute of Medicine (IOM), â€Å"Insuring America's Health: Principles and Recommendations,† www. nap. edu, 2004 Yaron Brook, MBA, PhD, â€Å"There Is No Right to Health Care,† www. aynrand. org, July 23, 2009 John Campbell, â€Å"John Campbell: A Right to Health Care? ,† OC Register, July 13, 2009 Michael F. Cannon, MA, JM, â€Å"A ‘Right' to Health Care? ,† National Review Online, June 29, 2007 Jean Carmalt and Sarah Zaidi, â€Å"The Right to Health in America: What Does It Mean,† www. cesr. org, Oct. 2004Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), â€Å"National Health Expenditures 2007 Highlights,† www. cms. hhs. gov (accessed Aug. 27, 2009) Community Voices: HealthCare for the Underserved, â€Å"Nation's Health Care System Ill, Survey Finds,† www. wkkf. org, Jan. 13, 2004 ———————– [1] Francesca Colombo and Nicole Tapay, â€Å"Private Health Insurance in OECD Countries: The Benefits and Costs for Individuals and Health Systems,† www. oecd. org, 2004( . [2] David U. Himmelstein, MD, Debors for Individuals and Health Systems,† www. oecd. org, 2004?. 3] David U. Himmelstein, MD, Deborah Thorne, PhD, Elizabeth Warren, JD, and Steffie Woolhandler, MD, MPH, â€Å"Medical Bankruptcy in the United States, 2007: Results of a National Study,† American Journal of Medicine, Aug. 2009 ? [4] Vaughn, L. (2010) Bioethics: principles, issues, and cases. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 684. [5] Theresa Tamkins, â€Å"Medical Bills Prompted More than 60 Percent of U. S. Bankruptcies,† www. cnn. com, June 5, 2009? [6] Vaughn, L. (2010 ) Bioethics: principles, issues, and cases. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 684.